This note is an introduction to .NET.

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1. What is .NET?

.NET is a DLL collection, freely distribuable. It includes a runtime environment within .NET applications are run (this is called managed called). The .NET runtime environment is named CLR for Common Language Runtime and is responsible for:

• loading and running programs
• program isolation from each other
• conversion from intermediate code to native code (JIT, Just In Time Compiler)
• access to meta-data
• memory management
• exception handling
• security

2. Some .NET classes

Here are some commonly used namespaces and classes in .NET:

• System: basic types (Char, String...) and Console
• System.Collections: ArrayList, Hashtable, Queue, Stack, SortedList
• System.IO: File, Directory, Stream, TextReader, TextWriter
• System.data.OleDB: ADO access to a database
• System.Net: access to an SQL database
• System.Reflection: access to metadata
• System.Security: security controls
• System.WinForms: Windows components
• System.Web.UI.WebControls: Web components

3. Multiple languages

In .NET, you can use many languages: C++, VB .NET, C#... Every compilers will produce some intermediate code in MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language). When the program is run, the intermediate code is compiled and run. This is done function by function.

Every languages that support .NET have also the same data types. This is called the CTS for Common Type System.

More generally, every languages that support .NET must follow some rules named the CLS for Common Language Specification.

4. An assembly

In .NET, a piece of code that can be used (a .exe or .dll) is called an assembly. The compiler must generate self describing components, that means the .exe or .dll must provide the following information:

• classes, properties, methodes of this assembly
• libraries required
• MSIL code

5. Naming conventions

Please consult .NET Programming Standards and Naming Conventions for industry standard naming conventions for namespaces, classes, methods, etc. in .NET.

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